铝(镁)合金消失模铸造近净成形技术研究进展

New Technological Advance in Lost Foam Casting Process for Al Alloy and Mg Alloy

阐述了铝(镁)合金消失模铸造技术的研究现状,着重介绍了铝(镁)合金消失模铸造在金属液充型、振动凝固、压力凝固以及消失模壳型铸造等技术方面的最新研究进展。研究表明,铝(镁)合金在消失模铸造过程中,需重点解决针孔、缩松等缺陷,提高液态合金的充型能力和铸件的力学性能;通过采用振动凝固和压力凝固的手段,可以提高金属液充型能力、细化组织、提高组织致密性,明显提高铸件力学性能。真空低压消失模壳型铸造技术,可以解决普通消失模铸造易于出现的孔洞和夹杂等缺陷以及浇不足和浇注温度高等问题,是一种生产复杂薄壁高质量铝、镁合金精密铸件的新方法。

Research situation of Al alloy and Mg alloy lost foam casting （LFC） process is described, and new advancements of Al alloy and Mg alloy LFC in filling, vibration solidification, pressure solidification and expendable pattern-shell compound casting, etc. , are mainly introduced. The results show that the pinhole and shrinkage porosity defects must be emphatically solved for Al alloy and Mg alloy LFC, and the filling ability of liquid alloy and mechanical properties of castings must also be improved. The improvement of the filling ability of liquid alloy, microstructure refinement, increase of microstructure compactness, improvement of the mechanical properties of castings could be obtained by means of vibration solidification and pressure solidification. The shell casting process based on expendable pattern with vacuum and low pressure casting can solve some of pinhole and slag inclusion defects as well as the misruns and high pouring temperature of LFC, and it is a new process for manufacturing complicated and thin-walled aluminum and magnesium alloys precision castings.