修身与赤身:两种不同的处“身”理想——先秦身体哲学的一个核心命题

Cultivating Body and Being Naked Body: Two Different Ideas of Shaping Body——A Core Proposition of Body Philosophy in the Pre-Qin Dynasty

人的身体不仅具有自然属性,更具有人文性,是为各种话语形态所建构的,是历史的作品。先秦时期,儒、道两家基于自身不同的人文价值取向而形成了两种具有代表性的处"身"理想:修身论与赤身论。它们从身体出发思考人作为身体性存在如何确立自身独特的人文品格,共同反映了先秦中华民族主体意识觉醒过程中人们自我塑造、自我超越的热忱与创造性。

Human body,which has the natural attributes as well as more humanity,is constructed of various forms of discourse and is a historical art work.In the Pre-Qin Dynasty,Confucianism and Taoism,based respectively on their own different humanist values,had constructed two representative ideals for the shaping of ＂body＂： cultivating body and being naked body.The two ideals of shaping body focused on how human body established their own unique humanism character,which reflected the enthusiasm and creativity of self-fashioning and self-transcendence in the process awaking the Chinese subject consciousness in the Pre-Qin Dynasty.