希伯来先知的伦理观与言说方式

The Ethic and Speech Forms of Hebrew Prophets

"神说"、"子曰"、"什么是……"分别代表着古代希伯来、中国、希腊文化中的形式化了的三种不同言说方式。无论是中国古代孔子的言说特征,还是希腊苏格拉底的言说特征,似乎都缺乏"神说"这种希伯来先知与上帝直接对话、交流的文本层面。通过论证强调了古代希伯来先知这种独特的"神言"的言说特征,指出其与中国古代孔子言说特征的不同,以及带给我们今天思考和反观汉民族古代伦理思想体系的启迪。并指出当代学者在中西文明比较中更侧重于希腊文明,而对希伯来文明较少着墨这一不平衡现状。

＂God said＂, ＂Confucius said＂ and ＂What is＇..？＂ represent respectively three different speech forms in the ancient Hebrews, Chinese, and Greek culture. The Chinese and the Greek forms of speech seem to be lacking in the textuality of direct communication with the only God. This paper, based on the texts of Hebrew prophetic books and Confucius scriptures, maintains that the speech form and ethic of Hebrew prophets throw light on the reevaluation of the advantages and limitations of the ancient Chinese ethic. It also points out that scholars put more emphasis on comparing Confucian scriptures with ancient Greek philosophic works, while ignoring the relation of Confucian scriptt^res ~d Hebrew prophetic book~.