儿童支气管哮喘过敏原分析

Analysis on the allergens of bronchial asthma in children

目的:探讨长春地区支气管哮喘儿童过敏原分布情况。方法:采用敏筛定量过敏原检测法对2007年8～10月就诊于该院儿科门诊及住院部的122例患者检测其常见过敏原。结果:长春地区122例哮喘患儿14种过敏原检测过敏原阳性率为59.84%。在14种过敏原中,尘螨的阳性例数最多,比例为21.31%,其次为猫毛、狗毛、及草,霉菌、牛羊肉及牛奶也占有相当重要的比例。男女性别组过敏原阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。吸入组过敏原在婴幼儿及儿童的年龄分组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。婴幼儿食物组的过敏比例要明显高于儿童组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。婴幼儿组内食物及吸入组过敏原差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),儿童组吸入过敏原明显高于食物组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:长春地区儿童哮喘最主要的过敏原为螨虫,其次为猫毛、狗毛及草,霉菌、牛羊肉及牛奶也占有相当重要的比例。不同年龄儿童过敏原结构有所不同;不同性别间过敏原阳性率差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

Objective：To explore the distribution of allergens of bronchial asthma in children in Changchun region.Methods：122 children with bronchial asthma were selected from the hospital from August to October in 2007,then the common allergens were detected by quantitative allergen test.Results：122 children with bronchial asthma were detected,the positive rate of 14 kinds of allergens was 59.84%.Among 14 kinds of allergens,the amount of children with positive dust mites was the highest,accounting for 21.31%,followed by cat fur,dog fur and grass;mould,beef and lamb,and milk also took a good part of it.There was no significant difference in the positive rate of allergens between boys and girls（P〉0.05）.In inhalant allergen group,there was no significant difference in the positive rate of allergens between infants and children（P〉0.05）.In food allergen group,the positive rate of allergens in infants was significantly higher than that in children（P〈0.01）.Among the infants,there was no significant difference in the positive rate of allergens between inhalant allergen group and food allergen group（P〉0.05）;while among the children,the positive rate of allergens in inhalant allergen group was significantly higher than that in food allergen group（P〈0.01）.Conclusion：The main allergen in Changchun region is mite,followed by cat fur,dog fur,grass,mould,beef,lamb and milk,the children at different ages have different compositions of allergens;there was no significant difference in the positive rate of allergens between boys and girls（P〉0.05）.