远绍周敦颐的阳明心学

The Influence of Zhou Dunyi on Wang Yangming's Philosophy of the Mind

周敦颐是借鉴佛道思辨以重塑儒家道德哲学的宋明理学的先行者,王阳明则是融合儒释道三教的心学的集大成者。周敦颐对理学所起的开山作用有:汲取道家道教的本源论,建构无极(太极)的生成论以证明儒家伦理存在的合理性;借鉴佛道的本体论思维,构建诚的价值本体论;含纳诚、乐、仁、静等儒佛道的气象;提倡内圣外王的理想人格和无欲主静等修养工夫。王阳明对周敦颐的继承和发展在于:改造周敦颐《太极图说》的本源论思维,使之成为本体论;承继周敦颐的诚的内涵,并使之从价值本体上升为宇宙本体;统摄儒佛道包括周敦颐之诚、乐、仁、静的境界;承袭周敦颐之立志、无欲主静和迁善改过等工夫论。

While Zhou Dunyi was the pioneer of Neo-Confucianism of the Song and the Ming Dynasties who remoulded Confucian Moral Philosophy by introducing Buddhist and Taoist thoughts,Wang Yangming was the master of Philosophy of Mind who integrated Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism.Zhou's initiating contributions to Neo-Confucianism included absorbing Taoist cosmology and establishing the generation theory of Wuji(Non Ultimate) and Taiji(Supreme Ultimate) to prove the rationality of the Confucian ethics ontology,borrowing Buddhist and Taoist ontology and constituting the moral ontology of 'Sincerity',learning from the Confucian,Buddhist and Taoist concepts of 'sincerity','happiness','humanity' and 'tranquility',and encouraging both the idealist personality of 'sagely within and kingly without' and the cultivation of 'being non-desiring and tranquil'.Wang further developed Zhou's theories by transforming Zhou's theory of origin in his book 'Explanation of the Diagram of Highest Motion'(Taiji Tushuo) into his ontology,by developing Zhou's concept of 'Sincerity' and upgrading Value Noumenon into Universe Noumenon,incorporating Confucianism,Buddhism,Taoism as well as Zhou Dunyi's principles of 'sincerity','happiness','humanity' and 'tranquility' and by developing Zhou Dunyi's theory of self-cultivation that a person should be determined,tranquil,righteous and non-desiring.