祁紫菀种苗质量分级标准的初步研究

Primary study on seedings classification of Aster tataricus L.f

针对紫菀生产中种苗来源混乱、质量参差不齐等主要问题,本研究搜集整理出河北安国紫菀种苗17份,以茎毛数、茎粗和芽距为主要因素,采取正交试验设计L9（34）进行种苗不同处理,田间种植采取多因素多点、随机区组设计,以出苗率、生长势、株高和产量等性状为依据,把紫菀种苗划分为3级。其中,1级种苗茎毛数〉4,茎粗〉0.3 cm,出苗率高,植株生长最旺盛,产量最高;2级种苗茎毛数为≥2个,茎粗为≥0.25 cm,3级种苗茎毛数〈2个,茎粗〈0.25 cm,1级、2级种苗产量在700~800 kg/667 m2,可做为良种繁育用种,3级种苗出苗率低,封垄晚,产量水平较低,不能作为生产用种。该分级标准为紫菀种苗繁育以及生产提供了有效的理论依据。

The main problem in Aster tataricus L.f.production is there is no rule registered to control the seedlings quality.Making a seedling classification criteria and distributing the good quality seedlings are the base to improve the yield and quality of Aster.In this paper quality classification standard was studied with 17 germplasms collected from Anguo,Hebei province.Taking stem hair number,stem diameter and shoot distance as the main factors,adopting the orthogonal experiment design L9（34） for seedlings treatments,multi-factors field trails,randomized block design,the Aster seedlings were divided into three grades by investigating the relationship between the graded seedling and agronomic traits such as seedling emergence,growth vigor,plant height,yield and quality etc,The stem hair of seedling grade 1st is above 4 and stem diameter is above 0.3 cm.They had high germination percentage,the best vigorous growth and highest yield.The grade 2nd,the number of stem hair is no less than 2 and stem diameter is greater than or equal to 0.25 cm.Grade 3rd ：the sum of stem hair is less than 4 and the stem diameter is less than 0.25 cm.The yield of former two grades is about 700-800 kg/667 m2 thus could be used as seedlings for production.The grading standards provided effective theoretical basis for the Aster seedings breeding.