浅析青藏高原向黄土高原过渡的农业系统结构和经济特征——以夏河-渭源-通渭样带为例

Preliminarg discussion of agricultural structure and economy from Qinghai Tibet to Loess Plateau——A case study of the transititional region of Xiahe,Weiyuan,Tongwei County

青藏高原向黄土高原过渡区域是我国地形第一级台阶向第二级台阶的过渡区,以夏河-渭源-通渭样带为例分析农业系统结构和经济特征,自青藏高原向黄土高原过渡,农业人口、农村剩余劳动力、耕地总面积、人均耕地面积逐渐增加,人均草地面积逐渐减少;粮食作物在农作物中所占比例逐渐上升,饲草作物比例则逐渐降低;人均草食家畜牛、羊出栏数及羊毛产量和肉类产量呈下降趋势,而食粮型家畜猪出栏数逐渐增多;农业生产总值升高,但人均产值下降;农业GDP构成中,种植业和林业的比例呈增加趋势,畜牧业比例逐渐减少;农牧民收入构成中,人均GDP、农牧民人均GDP、人均纯收入和农牧民人均收入均逐渐下降,而城镇居民人均纯收入增加。

The transition zone from Qinghai Tibet Plateau to Loess Plateau, which also lies between the first ladder and the second ladder of China landform, is a traditional agro-pasturage ecotone and an ecologi- cal sensitive region. This paper analysed the agricultural structure along the transect belt of the Xiahe, Weiyuan and Tongwei County and found that from Qinghai Tibet Plateau to Loess Plateau, agricultural population, rural surplus labor, the total area of arable land, and the per capita area of cultivated land all increase while the per capita grassland area decreased. The proportion of food crops in the crop gradually increasd and the proportion of forage crops decreased. The per capita slaughter number of herbivore live stock such as cattle and sheep, wool production, meat production also decreased, while the slaughter number of food-type animals such as pigs gradually increased. The gross agricultural production increased but per capita output declined. The proportion of farming and forestry in the composition of agricultural GDP tended to be increased, while that of animal husbandry gradually reduced. In the composition of the income of farmers and herdsmen, per capita GDP of Xiahe, Weiyuan and Tougwei County, per capita GDP of farmers and herdsmen, per capita net income and per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen gradually decreased, while per capita of net income of urban residents increased.