季铵盐型阳离子无醛固色剂的合成与应用

Synthesis and application of formaldehyde-free cationic fixing agent containing quaternary ammonium salt

以环氧氯丙烷、二乙烯三胺和3氯--2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CHPTMAC)为原料,采用两步法(中间体合成和固色剂合成)合成季铵盐型阳离子无醛固色剂。测定了各步反应产物的阳离子度,考察了原料配比、反应条件等对反应产物阳离子性的影响,研究了固色剂阳离子度与染色牢度的关系。优化的固色剂合成工艺为,中间体合成:n(二乙烯三胺)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)=1∶1.1,水22.5%(占总投料量质量分数),反应温度75～80℃,时间3 h;固色剂合成:n(中间体)∶n(CHPTMAC)=1∶1,反应温度70～75℃,反应时间5 h。研究表明,当固色剂的阳离子度>1.45,固色织物的耐干、湿摩擦色牢度和耐刷洗色牢度分别可达到5级、3级和3级。

Cationic formaldehyde-free fixing agent containing quaternary ammonium salt is synthesized through two-step reaction with epichlorohydrin, diethylene triamine and 3-chlorine-2-hydroxy propyltrimethyl ammonium chloride（CHPTMAC） as raw materi- als. The cationicity of reaction products of the two stages are determined. The influences of molar ratio of raw material and reac- tion conditions on cationicity of reaction products are investigated, and relationship between cationicity of fixing agent and color fastness are also researched. The optimal process conditions of fixing agent preparation are as follows： intermediate product： n （ diethylene triamine）： n （epichlorohydrin） = 1 ： 1.1, water 22.5 %, reacting at 75 ~ 80 ℃ for 3 h ; fixing agent ： n （ intermediate prod- uct）： n（CHPTMAC） = 1 ~ 1, reacting at 70 -7.5 ℃ for 5 h. The results show that while cationicity of fixing agent is more than 1.45, the color fastness to dry/wet crocking and brushing of the treated fabrics can reach 5, 3 and 3 grade respectively.