墨家生命伦理论略

A Brief Theory of Mohist Bioethical Thoughts

墨家对于人性的基本观点是"人性欲利,无称善恶"。肯认"人性欲利"的现实性和客观性使墨家自然地走向功利论伦理立场。《墨经》中有关"生"与"知"的论述是对墨家人命观的精炼概括;墨家重"生"而不惧"死"的生死观是其功利论道德理性在生命领域的必然体现。在生态观上,墨家是典型的人类中心主义,其重点强调的是代际伦理,主张"生死两利",追求代际利益的均衡。

Mohist School considers that man is originally desiring denefit,but doesn＇t say whether the human nature is good or bad.Affirmation of the fact that man is originally desiring benefit spontaneously lead them to utilitarianism.The states on ＂alive＂ and ＂knowledge＂ in Mo Jin gives a refined summarization to Mohist theory of human life.Mohist attaches importance to ＂life＂ but does not fear ＂death＂,which is inevitable embodiment of utilitarianism logos in life domain.Mohist ecophysiology,as an anthropocentrism,emphasizes intergenerational ethics which pursues benefiting both ＂the living＂ and ＂the dead＂.