产业升级、资本深化下的异质性要素分配

Heterogeneous of Factor Returns in Primary Distribution:From the View Angle of Industrial Upgrading and Capital Deepening in China

本文从中国"赶超型"经济发展的特点,即产业升级、资本深化角度出发分理论和实证两个层次讨论了他们对收入分配的影响。我们发现资本在经济发展中处于相对强势地位,资本的"要价"能力相对较高,这在一定程度上"挤占"了劳动要素收入并造成资本密集部门与劳动密集部门劳动者之间的工资收入差距扩大。因此,去除经济发展中那些不合理的市场制度、分配机制以及财税调节政策等不利因素影响,目前,中国经济发展的方式特征与要素回报的异质性,即工资性收入不平等以及劳动收入份额偏低等现象是有联系的。通过研究也证明了这种趋势不会持续下去,随着资本深化过程的结束,经济发展方式对劳动收入的不利影响会逐渐消除。

We studied the effects of the two factors, industrial upgrading and capital deepening, which were characteristics of the catch-up economic development in China, on the wage income and share of labor income theoretically and empirically. We found that capital was a relatively strong factor in the economic development. So the ability of capital ＂asking price＂ was strong, and would ＂squeeze＂ the share of labor income to some extent and expand the gaps of wages between capital-intensive sector and labor-intensive sector. Therefore, the current modes and characteristics of Chinese economic development had some close relations with the wage income inequality and low share of labor income, besides some impacts of those unreasonable factors such as the shortcomings of market system, income distribution system and tax policies. Fortunately, we proved that this trend would not continue for long time. The adverse effects of economic development on the labor income could be eliminated until the end of the process of capital deepening.