某榴弹致伤绵羊后的破片伤与冲击伤

Fragment Injury and Shock Injury after High Explosive Shell Traumatized Sheep

目的 研究榴弹致伤生物的基本特点和规律，为制定救治原则提供依据。方法 用电启动的方式引爆离地面７ ｍ 高的榴弹，将３６ 只绵羊布放于距爆心６～４８ ｍ 处，致伤前常规观察生命指征，致伤时测量冲击波超压和破片速度，致伤后除观察生命指征外，进行病理解剖观察。结果破片伤、冲击伤、死亡率、损伤程度和类型均与致伤能量的大小有关。其中破片伤的总发生率为６９．４％ ；鼓膜和肺脏冲击伤的发生率分别为１９．４ ％ 和５２ ．８％ ，造成鼓膜和肺脏损伤的超压阈值各是２４．３ ｋＰａ 和１８．７ ｋＰａ；动物于伤后即刻的总死亡率为３６．１％ ，伤后６ 小时共有５８．３ ％ 的动物死亡，伤后７２ 小时的总死亡率为６９．４％ ；贯通伤、盲管伤和切线伤的总发生率分别７ 为６６．７％ 、５０％和１６．７％ 。结论 榴弹致伤因素多，所致伤情重而复杂，半数以上的动物于伤后６ 小时死亡，破片伤可加重肺脏冲击伤，救治时应视伤后６ 小时为关键时相点。

Objective In order to provide basis for establishing principle of the aid and treatment, characteristics and rule of the high explosive shell traumatized animals were studied. Methods Thirty-six sheep were located in a place 6m～48m far from the explosive center after their life sign was observed, then explosion of the high explosive shell 7m high above the earth were induced by electricity and at the same time, the fragment velocity and shock wave pressure were determined. After the injury, pathological anatomy was performed besides observing life sign. Results Fragment injury, shock injury, mortality rate, injury degree and injury type were all related to injury energy. Animals of 69.44% suffered from fragment injury . Occurring rate of shock injury of membrana tympany and lung was 19.44% and 52.78%, respectively, and threshold value of shock wave pressure for making membrana tympany and lung was 24.25 kPa and 18.66 kPa, respectively. Animals of 36.11% died immediately after injury. At 6 hour after injury, the mortality rate of animals reached 58.33% and at 72 hour after injury 69.44%. It was found that the occurring rate of the penetrating wound was 66.67%, blind wound 50% and tangent wound 16.67%. Conclusions With more injury factors, high explosive shell makes more serious and complex injury. As more than half of the animals died and the fragment injury aggravated the shock injury of lung, 6 hour after injury should be looked as a key time point for aid and treatment, also, more attention should be paid to examination and treatment of shock injury.