对美国反垄断法相关产品市场界定的评析及借鉴

Review on the Defining Relative Product Market in the Antitrust Law of the USA

产品差异带来相关产品市场界定的困难。美国界定相关市场的合理替代性原则以及需求交叉弹性标准被广泛适用,但案例法反映,适用的结果大相径庭。这些原则和标准成为法院任意使用的工具。美国1992年《横向合并指南》的相关市场界定标准和方法虽然将重点放在对市场力量的评估,但仍然只将分析集中在最接近的替代品之中,使得相关市场划定趋于狭小,从而导致高估市场力量的结果。中国在借鉴中要结合自己的司法实情作出务实选择。

The problems of defining relative product market are arised from product differentiations.The principle of reasonable interchangiblity and cross-elasticity of demand which have been the standards of drawing the boundries of product market in the case law of United States of America have been applied in the different ways and have eventually become the result-oriented standards.Even though the hypothetical monopolist test,the methord of product market of defining provided by U.S.1992 Horizontal Merger Guidelines,focuses on the analysis of power of market,it introduces the overseeing result.China should make the workable choice in defining of relative product market in the analysis of antitrust cases according to our experience.