山西革命根据地接生方法的改进

The transformation of the rural delivery methods in Shanxi Revolutionary Bases

传统农村社会延续下来的土法接生，由于其缺乏卫生观念，导致了婴儿脐带破伤风感染和产妇产褥感染的高发。为此，根据地政府从接生方法和接生工具方面对土法接生进行了技术改造。在其过程中，根据地政府创造性地建立了一套新式生育方式改造的工作体系，即政府组织、推动，地方医院监督，并具体推动实施，而助产妇作为执行者和操作者的工作体系。这一工作体系为后来广大农村大力推行新法生育方式提供了宝贵的历史经验。如果从战争与革命的历史语境出发，对土法接生的改造，其实是根据地政权在广泛宣传和推行新法接生的同时，逐步瓦解由旧式接生婆所掌握的传统生育权力和控制的格局，构建了由新式接生员组成的以政治革命思想为主导的基层生育权力格局。

Lacking in public health conception, the indigenous delivery child methods in rural areas resulted in a high incidence of infection of neonatal tetanus and infection during the puerperium. The government of Shanxi Revolutionary Base established a working system of transforming delivery child methods and instruments, which provided a valuable experience for implementation of the new delivery methods in rural areas later. From the viewpoint of revolutionary background, delivery methods＇ reform was of political significance.