60年来中国颅骨修补材料的应用

Application of cranioplasty materials in the past 60 years in China

颅骨成形术是神经外科最古老、最常见的手术之一。颅骨修补材料相伴于颅骨成形术出现。曾有多种材料相继应用于颅骨修补，如金、银、铝、铅、铂、钛、自体骨、异体骨、甲基丙烯酸树脂、聚乙烯、硅橡胶、珊瑚、陶瓷、羟磷灰石及磷酸钙骨水泥等。近60年来，自体骨、甲基丙烯酸树脂、硅橡胶、羟磷灰石及磷酸钙骨水泥、平板钛板、计算机辅助设计的个体化塑形钛板，是应用较多的几种颅骨修补材料。在上述几种材料中，计算机辅助设计的个体化塑形钛网（板）是目前比较好的选择。到目前为止，具有无细胞毒性、无或低免疫原性、组织相容性好、可塑形强、化学性质稳定等特点的理想的颅骨修补材料尚未出现。

Cranioplasty is one of the oldest and most common surgeries. Cranioplasty materials developed with this surgery. Many kinds of material have been applied to cranioplasty such as gold, silver, aluminum, lead, platinum, titanium, autogenous bone, allograft, acrylic resin, polyethylene, silicone rubber, carol, ceramic, hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate cement. In the past 60 years, autogenous bone, acrylic resin, silicone rubber, hydroxyapatite, phosphate cement, titanium sheet and computer - designed plastic ti - alloy plate are the most commonly used materials. Among the materials, computer - designed plastic ti - alloy plate is the preferred material. It is ideal cranioplasty material with high histocompatibility, plasticity and chemical stability, and which has not been found until now to be cytotoxic or immunogenic.