中国神话与两河流域神话的文化比较

A Cultural Comparison between Chinese Mythology and Tigris-Euphrates Mythology

中国早期家国一体化国家形成模式决定了祖先崇拜成为主流地位的宗教形式,自然崇拜被深深压抑未能充分发展起来,这导致中国古代自然神话呈现单调贫乏的面貌,神话发展一直沿着"历史神话化"的轨迹运行,祖先和文化英雄成为神话中的主角,英雄神话成为庙堂文学的大宗。与之相反,两河流域最早的国家形态是以城邦形式出现的,每个城市崇拜一个自然神,这决定了自然崇拜在古代两河流域宗教历史上长期占居主流地位,自然神话获得充分发展呈现发达面貌。透过神话这面镜子能够生动反映两大文明类型的显著差异。

The early Chinese state-shaping mode the mainstream form of religion. This oppressed nature uation of natural mythology in ancient China. Thus the of history mythologization with the ancestors and heroes of family-nation integration determined ancestry worship as worship from developing in full wing, leading to the dull sit- development of Chinese mythology always followed the track as the protagonists and the heroic mythology as the dominant form of temple literature. In contrast, the earliest state form in the Tigris-Euphrates Rivers occurred in form of city- state. Each city had a natural god to worship. This determined the dominant place of natural worship in the long religious history in the Tigris-Euphrates RiVers which offered a full development and advanced level of natural mythology. This difference between the two mythologies mirrors the prominent difference between the two great civilizations.