中小学生眼屈光度动态变化与近视眼的追踪调查研究

A Following-up Study of the Relationship Between Diopter dynamic Change and Myopia among Children in Primary and Middle Schools

目的 探索学生半年眼屈光度变化与近视眼发病规律。方法 对７０８ 名学生眼屈光度与近视眼发病情况进行了追踪调查。结果 ６ ～１４ 岁学生各年龄组段眼屈光度半年下降均值为０－２８２Ｄ～０－４６５Ｄ，其中远视屈光度下降均值为＋ ０－１２２Ｄ～＋ ０－３９７Ｄ。学生在６ 岁时已有近视眼发生，６ ～１４ 岁学生近视眼新发病率为４－４４ ％ ～２３－９６ ％ （ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） 。有近视眼家族史的学生近视眼新发病率出现高峰年龄为８ 岁，无家族史者为１０ 岁。学生远视屈光度逐渐下降，下降幅度随年龄组段的递增而减少。学生近视眼新发病率随年龄组段递增而上升，有近视眼家族史的学生发病高峰年龄比无近视眼家族史者提前２ 岁。结论 远视屈光度下降幅度大小可作为预测学生近视眼发生与否的重要参数。

Objectives To study the relationship between diopter dynamic change and myopia among student in half year. Methods The diopter and incidence of myopia in 708 children were followed. Result The range of average diopter declining among 6～14 years old in half year is 0.282D～0 465D in which the hyperopia diopter declining is +0 122～+0 397D. Some of 6 years old childer are myopia. The incidence of myopia in 6～14 years old children is 4 44%～23 96% (P<0 01). The incidence of children from myopia families is two years younger than other children. Following the age group increase the range of diopter declining is decrease. The incidence rate of myopia increases with age group increase. Conclusion The range of diopter declining is possible to be used as an important paramenter to detect myopia. [