不同建筑材料与装修材料住宅室内γ辐射水平的监测

The monitoring of gamma radioactive level for apartment with different building and decorating materiars

目的 了解建材和装饰材料在居民居内室辐射的水平和影响因素，提出防护措施。方法 随机选择２６ 套不同建材和不同装饰材料的居室，分别测定室内墙体表面γ外照射量率和室内辐射水平。结果 在装修材料相同其它条件一致的情况下，灰渣砖建筑的房子γ外照射量率为９－７ ×１０ －２Ｃ．ｋｇ －１·ｈ －１，红砖为８－６ ×１０ －２ ，青砖６－７ ×１０ －２。在建材相同，装饰材料不同时，用花岗岩、瓷砖、大理石装饰的居室室内辐射水平分别为９－６６ ×１０ －２，８－９８ ×１０ －２ ，和７－６０ ×１０ －２。室内γ射线起主要贡献作用的是花岗岩。结论 在我们测定的建材中γ外照射量率的顺序为灰渣砖＞ 红砖＞ 青砖，装修材料中花岗岩γ辐射最强，大理石最低。室内γ外照射量率主要来自辐射最强的建材或装饰材料。通风状况对测定点γ辐射照射量率无明显影响。

Objective To study the ratio active levels and affected factors in apartment with different building and decorating meterials. Methods The 26 apartments with different building and decorating materials selected at random, and the exteral gamma radioactive dose rate in the faee of wall and radioactive level of indoors are measured respectivaly.Results On the same decorating materials, The exteral gamma redioavtive dose rate of apartment building with cinger、Red and grey brick were 9 7×10 -2 、8 6×10 -2 and 6 7×10 -2 μc·kg -1 ·h -1 respectively. Under the same building materiars, the gamma radioactive level of granite、Ceramictile and maible were 9 66×10 -2 、8 98×10 -2 and 7 60×10 -2 μc·kg -1 ·h -1 respectively. Inside buiding the granite contributed more gamma radioation. Conclusion The indoors exteral gamma radioactive dose rate mainly comes from the building or decorating materials involving highest radioactive level. [