两种葱属植物提取物对香蕉枯萎病菌有抑制作用组分的气相色谱-质谱分析

GC-MS Analysis of Constituents with Inhibitory Effect on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense in the Extractives of Two Alliums

以葱、韭菜根的石油醚和乙酸乙酯提取物对香蕉枯萎病菌进行了抑菌实验,结果表明:葱茎的石油醚提取液对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制效果最明显,采用气相色谱-质谱法对葱茎的石油醚提取液进行分析,发现其中含有42.07%的二硫化物和16.29%的噻烷类化合物,推断这2种化学成分可能是抑菌的主要成分。进一步对葱的根、茎、叶和韭菜根的石油醚提取液以及葱和韭菜根在水中分泌物的乙酸乙酯溶解液进行了气相色谱-质谱检测。检测结果显示:葱的根、茎、叶和韭菜根的石油醚检出物分别为24、9、11、27种;葱和韭菜根在水中的分泌物检出19种和7种;石油醚提取物中有较多的含硫化合物,主要是二硫化物,葱根中的为31.09%,茎和叶中分别为42.07%和26.20%,韭菜根中的含量较少;葱根水分泌物中检出咔唑类化合物,含量为28.03%;韭菜根水分泌物中检出苯乙胺、苯乙酸、环己烯-1-酮缩氨基脲、吲哚等的化合物。

The antibiotic experiment of extractive from Allium fistulosum and Allium tuberosum root with petroleumether and ethylacetate against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense was investigated.The results showed that the most conspicuous inhibitory effect on the germ was from the extract with petroleumether from Allium fistulosum stem.Compositions of the extract were analyzed by GC-MS,in which two main compounds,disulfide（42.07%） and thioxane（16.29%） were obtained.The extracts with petroleumether from all the parts of Allium fistulosum and Allium tuberosum root,as well as the secretions in water of Allium fistulosum and root of Allium tuberosum dissolved with ethylacetate were further detected by GC-MS.The secretions detected from petroleumether were 24,9,11,27,and those from the ethylacetate were 19 and 7.The petroleumether extracts contained many sulfocompounds,which were mainly the disulfide,occupying 31.09% in Allium fistulosum root,42.07% in stem and 26.20% in leaf,but little in Allium tuberosum root.Compounds containing carbazole were detected from secretions in water of Allium fistulosum root,up to 28.03%,and phenethylamine,benzeneacetic acid,cyclohexene-1-one semicarbazone,indole etc.were detected from secretions in water of Allium tuberosum root.