城市街区形态对居民出行能耗的影响研究

Impact of Neighborhood Land Use on Residents Travel Energy Consumption

研究中国城市形态与居民出行能耗的关系在新时期城镇化发展、能源紧缺、气候变化背景下显得极为迫切。首先提出基于调研数据估算居民出行能耗的方法。以济南市9个小区为例,通过定量计算和描述性分析,比较了传统胡同式、密方格网式、单位邻里式和超大街区式四种类型街区形态特征和家庭出行能耗的差异。研究表明,人口密度、容积率最高的超大街区,其居民户均出行能耗比其他三种类型街区高2~5倍,接近亚洲发达地区水平,说明中国单纯追求高密度城市形态并非交通节能的有效途径。基于此,建议中国城市街区建设未来应向小尺度、功能混合、步行和自行车友好等方面发展。

Facing the rapid urban-ization,energy shortage and cli-mate change,it is urgent for city planners to study the relationship between urban land use and travel energy consumption in China.This paper first presents a methodology of estimating travel energy con-sumption based on the survey data.Taking nine selected communities in Jinan as examples,the paper compares the characteristics and family travel energy consumption of four types of residential commu-nities：traditional hutong,grid,resi-dence provided by and inside em-ployment unit,and super block with high-rise apartments.Based on quantitative and qualitative anal-ysis,it is clear that travel energy consumption in super block residen-tial type is two to five times higher than that from other types of neigh-borhood.This result is similar to the findings from other highly de-veloped Asian cities.The study re-sults indicate that solely emphasiz-ing high density development（su-per block） is not suitable for energy conservation in China.Finally,the paper suggests that residential area development should be designed insmall block,mix use and bicycle/ pedestrian friendly.