美国城市停车政策解析

A Review on U.S. Parking Policies

为借鉴美国城市停车政策从充分满足需求到停车需求管理转变的成功经验,回顾了美国城市停车政策的发展历史,并对21世纪以来美国城市停车政策发展的新趋势进行解析。指出城市停车政策对出行方式选择和城市空间环境规划设计具有重大影响,进而对城市交通拥堵、空气质量、土地开发密度、街道活力、步行交通环境等产生影响。最后,针对当前中国城市的停车政策,提出停车需求管理、停车管理差别化、停车设施共享、科学制定停车计费标准和严格执行停车管理政策等五方面的建议。

To learn the lessons from the U.S.parking poli-cies,especially its successful policy change from＂meeting demand＂to＂managing demand＂,this paper reviews the de-velopment of U.S.parking policies and discusses the new development of parking management strategies in the 21 century.The study shows that parking policies not only greatly affect travel mode choice and urban spatial planning and landscape design,but also influence level of urban traf-fic congestion,air quality,land use development,residential street vitality,and pedestrian environment.Finally,aiming at the current parking policies in China,the paper proposes the parking policies in several aspects：parking demand man-agement,differentiating parking management at various lo-cations,sharing parking space,proper parking pricing,and parking management implementation.