消解均衡?——日本义务教育改革动向分析

Debalance? ——An Analysis of the Trends of Compulsory Education Reform in Japan

第二次世界大战结束后,日本建立并完善了国家高度负责、标准严格统一、地方广域协调的九年义务教育制度,这一制度以其较好地促进了义务教育的均衡发展而为世人所称道。但自世纪之交开始,日本的若干改革却反映出对这一制度的反思。对近年日本义务教育改革中的若干政策和实践加以分析,有助于更好地理解日本义务教育改革的指向所在。日本义务教育改革是新自由主义政治经济改革的一部分,它在一定程度上开始消解战后日本义务教育的均衡特征,但它所遇到的强大阻力使这一改革踯躅徘徊。

Since the end of the Second World War,the nine year compulsory education system has been established in Japan ,which is strongly supported by central government finance ,with strict national standards and wide coordination of local governance. Although the system achieves worldwide praise for better promoting the balanced development of compulsory education,it has been doubted and reflected in some reforms since the turn of the century. In this paper,some examples of rethinking or suspect of the policies and practice in recent compulsory education system in Japan are analyzed,which can help us better understand the trends of the reform. As the conclusion,the reform of the Japanese compulsory education based on neo- liberalism has destroyed the balanced development of postwar compulsory education,but it won＇t realize smoothly because of strong resistance.