居室环境TVOC暴露对学龄前儿童行为的影响

Effect of Indoor TVOC Exposure on Children Behavior

目的研究深圳市4～5岁学龄前儿童所处居室内总挥发性有机物（total volatile organic compounds，TVOC）暴露情况及其对儿童行为的影响。方法使用分层抽样抽取深圳市光明新区6家幼儿园1187名4-5岁儿童，采用快速检测法测量居室TVOC含量，采用Aehenbach儿童行为量表（child behavior check list，CBCL，家长用）及家庭调查问卷，调查儿童行为发育和相关家庭情况。结果行为问题总检出率为22．0％，男童检出率为21．5％，女童为22．7％；男童的社交退缩和攻击性行为检出率显著高于女童伊〈0．05），而体诉检出率低于女童（P〈0．05）。男童行为问题前五位因子为幼稚、攻击、违纪、社交退缩和性问题，女童为肥胖、多动、体诉、性问题和社交退缩。男童抑郁和攻击性得分显著高于女童（P〈0．05），而分裂样得分显著低于女童（P〈0．05）。居室TVOC含量与家庭中有人吸烟呈正相关（β=0．190，P〈0．05），与使用排烟设备成负相关（β＝－0．120，P〈0．05）。TVOC高暴露组男、女童社交退缩、攻击性、性问题等多种行为得分均高于低暴露组（P〈0．05）。结论居室内TVOC暴露会导致学龄前儿童产生心理行为问题。

Objective To study the effect of indoor TVOC exposure on behavior of children aged 4-5 years in Shenzhen. Methods Base line survey was done among 1187 children aged 4-5 years with stratified sampling at Guangming New district, Shenzhen. Indoor TVOC were determined by rapid detection method. The Achenbachs＇ child behavior check list （CBCL） and family questionnaire were used to determine behavior problems and family information. Results 22.00 % of the investigated children had behavioral problems. In boys, the positive rate was 21.5%, in girls it was 22.7%. The detection rate of social withdrawal and aggressive behavior in boys was significantly higher compared with girls（P〈0.05）, the detection rate of the behavior of the physical complaints was lower （P〈0.05）. The top five factors of behavior problems in boys were naive, aggressive, violation, social withdrawal and sexual. The top five factors in girls were fat, hyperactive, physical complaints, sexual problems and social withdrawal. The score of depression and aggressive in boys was much higher than that in girls （P〈0.05）, however, the score of schizoidia in girls was much higher than that in boys（P〈0.05）. Indoor TVOC concentration was related positively to the behavior of smoking （β=0.190, P〈0.05）. The social withdrawal, aggressive, sexual problems in children were positively correlated with TVOC （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Indoor TVOC exposure may cause psychological and behavioral problems in preschool children.