“两部历史学笔记”在马克思世界历史理论发展中的地位

On the Position of "Two Notes on History" in the Development of Marx's Theory of World History

"人类学笔记"和"历史学笔记"在马克思世界历史理论发展中的地位就在于:从侧重对作为"结果"的世界历史的研究,进一步扩展到对作为"过程"的世界历史的研究,从而深化了关于"世界历史性联系"生成的认识;不仅对原始社会的认识更加准确,而且把东方社会进一步纳入到整个世界历史过程中来考察;内含着对"西方中心论"深刻批判的世界历史比较研究,深化了关于世界历史发展统一与多样关系的认识;赋予了政治经济学批判更丰富、更深厚的历史底蕴;丰富了关于世界历史发展前景的认识。但我们也应看到:这两部笔记只是马克思为作进一步的系统研究而进行的材料准备、整理和分析工作的一部分。"人类学笔记"和"历史学笔记"的这种特点也给后人在新的历史条件下丰富和发展马克思的世界历史理论提供了更为广阔的"活动空间"。

The position of Anthropological Notes and Notes on History in the development of Marx＇s theory of world history lies in the following aspects. First, they marked a shift from emphasizing the＂end results＇to emphasizing the＂process＇in the study of world history, leading to more profound knowledge about the formation of＂world-historical links＂. Second, not only was the primitive society more precisely understood, hut the oriental society was also examined in the whole historical process. Third, the comparative study of world history that seriously criticized ＂Western centeredness＇deepened the idea about the relationship between unity and diversity in the development of world history. Fourth, they offered richer and more profound historical details to critique of political economics. Fifth, they enriched our cognition of the development prospect of world history. Meanwhile, it is also worth pointing out that the＂Anthropological Notes＇and＂Notes on History＂are only part of what Marx did in preparing, clarifying and analyzing the materials for further systematic studies. Their special features have provided much room to allow active enrichment and development of Marx＇s theory on world history under circumstances of new historical conditions.