物理栖息地模型在中华鲟自然繁殖生态流量决策中的应用

Applying Physical Habitat Simulation Model on the Ecological Flow Decision of Acipenser sinensis Natural Breeding

以国家一级保护物种中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)为研究对象,探讨三峡大坝和葛洲坝水利工程在不同流量调度措施下对中华鲟产卵栖息地的影响。通过考虑中华鲟生境需求特性建立了中华鲟产卵场的物理栖息地模型,根据模型得出的适宜栖息地面积变化来量化不同的流量调度措施对其产卵场质量的影响,然后利用实测的中华鲟产卵量和资源量数据来验证和评价物理栖息地模型的可靠性和实用性,从而进行合理的生态流量决策。结果发现,年平均适宜栖息地面积的变化曲线与中华鲟的产卵量和资源量变化曲线有着相同的变化趋势,从而推断适宜栖息地面积可以反映中华鲟产卵栖息地的质量;并通过不同流量工况的计算,进行最佳生态流量决策。利用该物理栖息地模型可以有效地量化流量改变对目标物种栖息地质量的影响,为中华鲟产卵栖息地的生态水利调度提供评估和决策的方法。

The national-level protected species of Acipenser sinensis was targeted as a study to explore the different operation measures of Three Gorges Dam and Gezhouba Dam impact on the A. sinensis spawning habitat.A physical habitat simulation model of A. sinensis was established by considering the fish habitat needs,the suitable habitat area derived from the model was used to quantify impact of the different operations on the spawning habitat quality. Then the surveyed abundance of eggs and populations of A. sinensis were used to verify and evaluate the reliability and practicability of this model.The results showed that the curve of the average annual change in suitable habitat area had the same trend with the A.sinensis abundance curve. Therefore,suitable habitat area might reflect the quality of A.sinensis spawning habitat. Moreover,the model could be used to make a decision on the ecological flow based on different scenario simulation. The physical habitat model can effectively quantify the effects of flow rate change on the target species habitat quality,it could provide assessment and decision-making methods for the ecological flow operation of A.sinensis spawning habitat.