外商直接投资与中国制造业的污染排放:基于行业投入-产出的分析

FDI and Pollution Emissions of China's Manufacturing Industry: An Input-Output Analysis

本文基于环境投入-产出模型,选取我国制造业15部门为研究对象,利用中国2002年和2005年可比价投入产出表以及3种环境污染物排放数据,全面衡量FDI流入我国制造业对3种污染物排放的直接和间接影响。研究结果发现:(1)我国制造业单位产出3种污染物的排放数量逐年降低;(2)FDI主要流入制造业中相对清洁的部门;(3)FDI大量流入的清洁部门通过产业关联导致其他制造业部门污染物排放增加,"污染避难所"假说在中国并不成立的论断存在一定局限性,需要重新修订;(4)从产业投入产出的角度来看,制造业中相对污染密集的行业其污染排放受到其他行业的需求拉动影响较大,而相对清洁行业对其他行业污染排放的拉动较强。

Based on the environmental input-output model,this paper uses the input-output table of 2002 and 2005 to analyze the direct and indirect impacts of FDI on three pollutants emissions of 15 China's manufacturing sectors.The results indicate that:(1) the emissions per output of the three pollutants decrease year by year.(2)FDI flows in the relative clean sectors more than the pollute sectors.(3) The clean sector's FDI will cause the increase of pollution emissions of other sectors by the industrial linkages.The 'pollution haven hypothesis' is supported in China's manufacturing industry.(4)From the input-output analysis,we find that the pollution emissions of pollution intensive industries are mainly impacted by the less pollution intensive industries,and the clean intensive industries have strong impacts on the pollution emissions of other industries.