侵权责任构成要素概括性条款的确立与表达

Establishment and Expression of the Generalized Clause for the Constitutive Elements of Tort Liability

我国侵权责任法规定了侵权责任的一般性条款,其对法律的确认和保护以及法律漏洞的弥补具有重要意义,倘若立法对侵权责任构成要件的概括性条款进一步做出规定,则会对侵权责任法的适用尤其是侵权责任的准确判定具有更加明确的指导作用。因此,确立侵权责任构成要素的概括性条款,突出侵权行为的违法和侵权属性,突出损害的不利益性和客观存在的事实要求,借助故意和过失的抽象规定体现过错,用概念组方式对因果关系仅作一般性的规定对于侵权法的理论和实践具有实意。

The provision of the generalized clause for tort liability in China s Lawof Tort Liability is of great significance to the determination and protection of legal interests and the make-up of legal loopholes.And the legislation,if possible,of the generalized clause of the constitutive elements for tort liability may offer clear guidance in applying the Law of Tort Liability and especially determining tort liability.Therefore,itis meaningful in terms of tortlawtheory and practice to establish the constitutive elements for tortliability,lay stress on the illegality and infringementnature of tortacts,give prominence to the ill-effect nature and objectivity of damages,reflect fault by means of abstract provisions for willfulness and negligence,and produce a generalized provision for causation with conceptual combinations.