新疆太阳总辐射资料的均一性检验与气候学估算式的再探讨

Homogeneity Test of the Total Solar Radiation Data Series and Further Research on Climatological Calculation over Xinjiang

参照新疆105个气象台站"元数据",在对12个辐射站逐月日照百分率与月总辐射资料序列进行质量控制检验的基础上,对无效值与缺测值进行了插补订正,继而以Potter非均一性客观检验方法对资料序列进行了非均一性检测,同时以SNTH方法对产生间断的序列进行了相应的非均一化订正。在均一化的月总辐射与月日照百分率资料序列基础上,探讨了利用辐射气候学估算总辐射的最佳方案及其系数的空间差异与年变化特征。结果表明:(1)月日照百分率序列仅乌鲁木齐与伊宁站有间断现象,而月辐射资料序列间断的有乌鲁木齐、伊宁、阿勒泰、哈密、和田站,且并非都与日照百分率序列同步间断。其中,和田、阿勒泰站月辐射资料序列非均一化现象最严重;(2)月辐射序列的间断大多出现在冬半年,这可能与冬季空中气溶胶含量的突然增加有关;(3)在利用辐射气候学估算式Q=Q0(a+bS)对新疆总辐射进行估算时,采用"单站单月式"效果最佳,单站平均绝对误差为3%～8%,系数a、b具有明显的空间分布特征与季节变化特征。除伊宁站外,两者还具有显著且稳定的互补关系;(4)新疆的年总辐射分布特征为自东向西、自南向北依次递减,天山山区为低值中心。秋季纬向特征最明显,冬季次之,春季转为经向,夏季多呈"涡状",且南北疆两大盆地辐射差异小。

The invalid and missed data were interpolated in the sequence of monthly solar radiation and percentage of sunshine at 12 radiation stations of Xinjiang,then all were examined by the homogeneity test approach and adjusted accordingly month by month,based on the monthly homogeneous percentage of sunshine sequences and history metadata files from 105 meteorological observation stations,adopting controlled teston the data quality（such as logical test）,spatial correlation test of station-by-station,spatial consistency check and objective test,such as Potter,etc.After that,the best climatological formula of calculating solar radiation was studied.The results were revealed as follows：（1） The monthly percentage of sunshine sequences are homogenous except for Urumqi and Ili radiation stations where disconnected points exist in several monthly time series.On the other hand,the monthly radiation time series disconnect only in Urumqi,Ili,Altay,Harmi,Hotan stations,where the discontinuityhappened mostly in winter half year,possibly caused by the increase in the aerosol of air,but the relocation is primary at Urumqi station.The discontinuity phenomenonis the most serious at Hotan and Altay stations.（2） It is the best to calculate coefficients a and b with single month and single station adopting the formula like Q=Q0（a＋bS）,which could lead to the mean absolute error from 3% to 8% at a single station.（3） Coefficients a and b are of obvious apparent spatial distributions and seasonal variation characteristics according to the radiation climatology formula based on the astronomical radiation constant.Coefficients a and b are of obvouis and steady reverse correlations except for Ili.（4） Based on the monthly mean percentage of sunshine at 105 meteorological stations and Kringing-interpolated coefficients a and b,the calculation shows that the yearly total solar radiation is higher in East and South of Xinjiang than in West and North and the lower center locates in the Tianshan Mountains.Zonal distribution of the total solar radiation is the most typical in autumn,secondly,in winter,which turn to latitudinal distribution in spring,it appera vortex in summer when the little discrepancyappears in the Junggar and Tarim Basins.