隐伏矿床勘查地球化学新进展

New Advances in Geochemical Exploration of Concealed Deposits

近年来,隐伏矿床的勘查日益受到重视,随着成矿理论和分析技术的发展,形成了众多新的地球化学勘查方法,在隐伏矿床勘查中发挥着越来越重要的作用。当前,以金属活动态测量法、地球气纳微金属测量法、电地球化学方法、活动金属离子法等一系列偏提取技术为代表的深穿透地球化学方法,能够获取深部矿体的直接信息,是隐伏矿床勘查技术上的一项重大突破。综合应用地质、地球化学、地球物理、遥感等多元信息来进行勘查的综合信息找矿方法也在隐伏矿床勘查中取得了显著的效果,是未来矿产勘查的重要发展方向。以地球化学块体这一理论概念为基础发展出的地球化学块体方法技术,以国内外近百例矿床勘查发现史为基础总结经验得出的信息找矿战略,以及以Cu、Fe、Zn等非传统同位素示踪技术为代表的新的示踪技术,代表了当前矿产勘查在理论、经验和分析技术上的新突破,开始初步应用于隐伏矿床的勘查并产生良好的效果。同时,传统的地球化学勘查手段如地下水地球化学勘查、植物地球化学勘查方法取得了新的发展,仍在隐伏矿床勘查中发挥了重要作用。综述和讨论了各种勘查地球化学方法的概念、原理、使用方法以及实际应用效果,指出了目前存在的一些问题,为勘查工作者提供了参考。

Recently,the exploration in deeply concealed deposits becomes increasingly common.With the development in the state-of-the-art metallogenic theory and analysis technique,it has stimulated the formation of the non-traditional geochemical prospecting methods.One of great breakthroughs in buried mineral deposits exploration is the advent of Deep-penetrating Exploration Geochemistry,which includes methods of the Selective Leaching of Mobile Metals（MOMEO）,Mobile Metal Ions（MMI）,Enzyme Leach,Electro-geochemistry methods,etc.These methods are able to measure any direct geochemical information emanating from the deeply concealed deposits.Another important advance in concealed deposit exploration is using integrated geological information for prospecting,including geologic,geophysical,geochemical and remote sensing data.This method is proved a powerful tool for deeply buried mineral deposits exploration.Some other new methods including geochemical blocks method,information exploration,and non-traditional isotope tracer techniques are starting applied to concealed deposits exploration.Besides,the methods of traditional geochemical exploration including hydrogeochemical and biogeochemical methods are experience renewed interest and achieve new development.New advances in these geochemical exploration methods are reviewed in depth,including their concepts,basis theory,application method,and results of their application.Finally,the problems in geochemical exploration are pointed out.