中国在东亚区域生产网络中面临的挑战与抉择

The Challenges and Choices Faced by China in the East Asian Regional Production Networks

目前中国在东亚区域生产网络中处于产业价值链的低端。许多研究认为,这是中国在现有的要素禀赋条件下不得不接受的选择,但发达国家在其处于落后地位时拒绝融入领先国家的"全球商品链"并创造本国高端产业而崛起的历史经验说明,中国通过廉价劳动力融入东亚区域生产网络并非是迫不得已的选择。在目前的东亚分工格局中,中国"出口低端产品并进口高端产品"是不可能再像历史上从英国到韩国那样富国裕民的。目前,东亚区域生产网络的外部生存空间正在遭受越来越严重的挤压,东亚分工格局有可能发生较大的变化,特别是中国扩大内需的战略将为改变其在东亚区域生产网络中的不利地位提供历史机遇。以内需为核心和高端产业价值链为龙头,重新构建中国在东亚区域生产网络中的地位是中国可以作出的一种重大选择。但是,由于中国已经通过产业价值链低端深深地嵌入到东亚区域生产网络之中,这种选择无疑将是一种艰难的抉择。

China is located in the low-end of the industry value chain in the East Asian regional production networks at the present time. Many studies suggest that it is our forced choice in the existing factor endowments conditions. However, in the rising periods of the current developed countries, they refused to integrate into the international production networks dominated by the leading countries, and concentrated on creating their own high-end industries. This historical experience shows that it is not a compelled option for China＇s relying on the input of cheap labor to enter the East Asian Networks. China has the capability to make a great choice of reconstructing her configuration in the East Asian networks, with domestic demand as the core and the high-end industry value chain as the leading. However, there is no doubt that it is a difficult choice, since China has been embedded in the networks deeply through the low-end of the value chain.