“文姬归汉”的个人历史与华夏民族的“离散精神原型”——兼论比较文学研究的视域、立场与可比性

The Personal History of Caiyen's Captivity and Return to Han and the Archetype of Diaspora of Ethnic Chinese——On Perspective,Position and Comparability of Comparative Literature Studies

"文姬归汉"是中国古代历史上一个作为个人历史的叙事主题。一千七百多年以来,这个叙事主题被中国本土与海外文学家、艺术家先后借助于文学、音乐、绘画及戏剧等审美形式所呈现,以表达他们对自身所处境遇的慨叹及对自身人格的期许。从比较文学研究的角度对这一现象进行研究,以此追问沉淀在华夏民族文化传统中的"离散精神原型",有着重要的国际学术意义,因为在当下的全球化时代,"文姬归汉"之"汉"被栖居于海外的华裔文学家及艺术家在他们的异域创作中敷衍尊崇为中华母语文化的原乡情结。以"文姬归汉"为中心关于"离散精神原型"的跨界研究,把西方的原型理论与中国传统文化中的原型追问整合起来,这一研究思路在西方理论与中国文化传统的交集之间为比较文学研究拓展出了一方崭新的空间。

As a case of her personal history, Cai Yen＇s captivity and return to Han（汉） is a narrative theme in history of ancient China. For ages over 1700 years, this narrative theme has been repeatedly presented by either domestic or overseas litterateurs and artists by means of literature, music, painting, drama and other kinds of aesthetic forms, expressing their sorrowful laments for plight of themselves and desired expectations for their personality. From the point of view which exposes the authentic sense of this phenomenon by the method of comparative literature studies, it has a significant international academic significance by tenaciously probing the archetype of diaspora that has precipitated deeply into cultural traditions of the Chinese people; since the world is in the age of globalization, the ＂Han＂ of ＂Cai Yen＇s captivity and return to Han＂ has been totally elaborated and worshiped as a hometown complex of mother tongue culture in China in those creations overseas by those ethnic Chinese lltterateurs and artists. The study of cross-borders about the archetype of diaspora, which set ＂Cai Yen＇s captivity and return to Han＂ as a central research, has integrated the Western archetype theory and exploration of archetype about Chinese traditional culture into a whole unity. This idea of study has expanded a brand-new space for comparative literature studies between the intersection of western theories and Chinese cultural traditions.