裁量基准的制度定位——以行政自制为视角

How to Define the Administrative Discretion Standard in the Administrative Legal System: In the Perspective of Administrative Self-restraint

面对裁量基准在我国行政执法实践中的发展,亟待从制度层面对裁量基准的性质、功能和边界加以合理的定位。在行政自制的视角下,考察各地所推行的裁量基准实践,裁量基准在性质上应当被看作一种行政自制规范。它对裁量权正当行使的自我控制功能,主要是通过情节的细化和效果的格化技术,来达到对裁量权的限定、建构和制约。然而,裁量基准作为一种"规则化"的"自制",亦有其难以克服的局限性,对此必须在制度设计上充分把握三个方面的平衡,即在羁束与裁量之间的平衡、规则与原则之间的平衡以及自制与他制之间的平衡。有必要倡导一种功能主义的行政自制观,以此推进中国行政法治的新发展。

With the steady development of the discretion standard in recent China's administrative law enforcement,it is necessary to define reasonably in the overall system of administrative law the nature,function and boundary of the discretion standard.Investigating the practice of the discretion standard in different places,and in the perspective of administrative self-restraint,the discretion standard in nature should be made as an administrative self-restraint norm.It realizes the self-restraint function for the exercise of discretionary power,mainly through the refinement technology of the conditions and the division technology of the effects,to achieve the limitation,construction and constraint on discretionary power.However,as one kind of self-restraint of 'regularization',the discretion standard includes the insurmountable limits,therefore we have to grasp sufficiently in system design the balances of three aspects—the balance between restraint and discretion,between rule and principle,and between self-restraint and extra-restraint.We should advocate a functionalist view of the administrative self-restraint,in order to promote the rule of administrative law in china.