生物冶金中浸矿微生物的研究现状

Current Status of Microorganisms in Biohydrometallurgy

总结了国内外主要浸矿微生物种类,分析了嗜中温细菌、中度嗜热细菌、中度嗜热古生菌和极端嗜热古生菌等嗜酸菌种及嗜碱菌种的生存习性、培养特点和浸矿能力,评述了浸矿微生物的物理、化学及生物改良方法的特点和适用性,以及多种菌属联合浸出、异养微生物浸出和浸矿生物反应器等高效强化浸出方法。

The main categories of microorganisms at home and abroad used to bioleach minerals are summarized with emphasis on their inhabitation,cultivation and leaching abilities.The microorganisms involve acidophilic strains like mesophilic and moderately thermophilic bacteria,mesophilic and moderately thermophilic archaea,and extremely thermophilic archaea,as well as basophilic strains.Characteristics and applicability of physical,chemical and biologicalimproved methods are discussed.In addition,efficient and enhanced leaching methods,such as multistrains combination leaching,allotrophic microbial leaching and bioreactor are also presented.