货币的政治逻辑与国际货币体系的演变

The Political Logic of Money and the Evolution of the International Monetary System

货币不仅仅只是市场交易的媒介,更是一种权力,它不仅对社会财富具有"分配效应",同时也能够为货币发行者直接带来财富,货币从产生到被普遍接受与国家权力密不可分,这就是货币的政治逻辑。货币的权力特征使得国际货币体系的演变往往不能遵循以"效率"为原则的市场逻辑,而是充满着国家间的博弈和斗争。美元在崛起的过程中并不仅仅依赖自身的市场竞争力,也是美国政府积极运作的结果。美元所面临的挑战不仅在于欧元和人民币的竞争,更在于美国的传统盟友欧盟国家和日本能否在今后一如既往地支持美元,以及美国能否获得以中国、俄罗斯、巴西和印度等国家为代表的新兴经济体在货币问题上的合作。

Money is a kind of power rather than a medium of market deals,which not only has a 'distributive effect' over the social wealth,but can directly create wealth for the money issuers.Money would never have emerged nor been generally accepted in commodity and service transactions without the intervention of state power.This is the political logic of money.It leads to the fact that it is almost impossible for the evolution of international monetary system to follow the logic of market based on efficiency,which is,on the other hand,flooded with game playing between the great powers.The rise of US-Dollar depends more on the strong support from the US government than on its own competitiveness.The future of the Dollar will be decided not only by the challenges posed by the Euro and RMB,but by the issue whether the United States' traditional western alliances will support the international role of Dollar and whether the emerging economies like China,Russia,India and Brazil will cooperate with the United States on the money issue.