蚕沙发酵有机肥对烟草生长及其品质的影响

Effect of Organic Fertilizer from Fermented Silkworm Excrement on the Growth and Quality of Tobacco

拓宽蚕沙有机肥在农业生产领域的应用范围,对促进蚕沙资源产业化开发利用具有重要意义。通过盆栽试验研究蚕沙发酵有机肥对烟草生长和烟叶品质的影响,结果表明:施用蚕沙发酵有机肥能够有效提高烟草植株叶片的生物量,烟叶的干质量与不施肥的对照相比,增加了46.16%,有显著差异(P<0.05);施用蚕沙发酵有机肥可增加烟叶中氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)的吸收量(分别比对照高出68.51%、59.15%、100.32%),且优化N、P、K 3种营养元素在烟草植株不同部位的分配比率,减少N、K在根和茎中的积累,提高N、K在烟叶中的分配比率;与对照相比,施用蚕沙发酵有机肥可使烟叶中的水溶性总糖含量提高30.17%,施木克值趋于适中,使烟叶的化学成分更趋合理。研究结果显示出蚕沙发酵有机肥在烟草大田生产中的应用潜力。

Extending the application scope of organic fertilizer from fermented silkworm excrement in agricultural production field is of significant importance in promoting the industrial development and utilization of silkworm excrement resources.A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic fertilizer from fermented silkworm excrement on the growth and intrinsic chemical quality of tobacco.The results showed that application of organic fertilizer from fermented silkworm excrement could improve the biomass of green tobacco leaves.The dry weight of tobacco leaves increased by 46.16% compared to that of no fertilization,showing a significant difference（P0.05）.Application of organic fertilizer from fermented silkworm excrement could enhance the absorption of nitrogen（N）,phosphor（P） and potassium（K） in tobacco leaves（68.51%,59.15%,and 100.32% higher than that of no fertilization respectively）.Meanwhile,the allocation ratios of N,P and K nutrient elements in different parts of tobacco were optimized by the fertilizer,showing a reduced accumulation of N and K in root and stem and an increased allocation ratio of N and K in tobacco leaves.Moreover,application of organic fertilizer from fermented silkworm excrement could increase the soluble sugar content in tobacco leaves by 30.17% and yielded a moderate Schmuck＇s value for the leaves so that the internal chemical composition of tobacco leaves became more rational.These research results show the application potential of organic fertilizer from fermented silkworm excrement in field production of tobacco.