从“神”到“人”:古代中国政治思想的轴心突破

From Gods to Man:the Axial Breakthrough of Ancient Chinese Political Idea

轴心期是德国学者雅斯贝尔斯提出来的一个历史概念。在轴心期,人类开始意识到整体的存在和自身的价值,出现了一种自我意识的觉醒和精神自觉。在轴心期的的中国,也出现了人的觉醒与精神活动,对人格化的天命鬼神的盲目崇拜逐渐被人的主体价值性所取代。人在政治中的作用得到凸显,政治视角的重心从原始的鬼神天命落实到人的身上,人成为政治思想和政治行动中关注的中心。正是在这种政治视角的转变之下,古代中国的政治思想出现了一种轴心突破的文化现象,形成了中国古代思想史上的一个轴心时期。

Axial period is a historical conception proposed by Karl Jaspers, a German scholar. Human begun to realize existence as an entirety and the value of human during the Axial period, the self - awareness and spirit emerges in China at the same time. The value of human had taken the place of belief in supernatural being irrationally. The effect of human in political territory became more and more highlighted. The vision of polities transformed to human from gods ; as a result, human became the centre of political idea and political activity. In the eontexts of political vision transforming, a cultural phenomenon of Axis Breakthrough emerged in the history of ancient Chinese political idea, which took the shape of Axial period in ancient China.