美国地球观测系统能力及未来发展重点

The Capability and Development Focus of U.S. Earth Observation System

地球观测，即准确详尽地获取地球系统中物理、化学和生物各类信息，是人类应对环境和资源压力，保护民众生命和财产安全，促进社会经济发展的重要保障。2010年6月美国发布并实施国家空间政策，强调将加大地球环境和气候空间观测系统建设力度；同年9月，白宫科学和技术政策办公室制定了地球观测战略规划。本文归纳了当前新形势对地球观测的新要求，总结了美国地球观测能南现状，指明了其未来短期内系统和能力建设重点。

Earth Observation System is an important guarantee to deal with environment and resource challenges. In June 2010, U.S. launched the national space policy to promote efforts in building earth environment and climate observation system; in September, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy developed the earth observation strategic planning. This paper summarizes new requirements to earth observation, the capability and development focus of U.S. earth observation system.