湖南省汝城县土源性线虫病感染现状调查

Survey on Current Status of Geohelminthes Disease Infection in Rucheng County,Hunan Province

目的了解掌握汝城县土源性线虫病流行现状和趋势,评估其防治效果,为今后制定防治策略提供依据。方法随机抽取5个乡镇5个行政村,每个行政村抽取常住人口200人以上,用改良加藤氏厚涂片法镜检虫卵,并计算感染度(克粪卵数);采用试管滤纸培养法分离钩蚴。结果 5个调查点共检查1 000人,共发现4种土源性线虫,人群总感染率为10.2%,其中:蛔虫5.6%、钩虫3.5%、鞭虫0.7%、蛲虫0.4%。各乡镇蛔虫、钩虫感染率差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.29,P>0.05)和(χ2=4.74,P>0.05);男、女性感染率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.97,P>0.05)。男、女钩虫感染率差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.19,P<0.01);各年龄组钩虫感染率差异有统计学意义(χ2=49.5,P<0.01);单纯十二指肠钩虫(Ancylostoma duodenale)占29%;单纯美洲钩虫(Necator americanus)占71%。结论人群感染率较20年前第1次调查结果有大幅度下降,但仍需继续加强农村寄生虫病防治知识普及、粪便无害化处理和重点人群药物驱虫,以巩固防治成果。

Objective To know the epidemic status and trends of geohelminthe disease and assess the effectiveness of its prevention in Rucheng County,Hunan Province,and to provide the reference for the development of the future strategies of geohelminthes control.Methods Five administrative villages were randomly selected from five towns in Rucheng County,Hunan Province.More than 200 residents in each administrative village were selected.Kato-Katz thick smear technique was used for quantitative determination of helminth eggs in faeces and the degree of infection（egg per gram,EPG） was calculated.The tube-filter paper culture method was used to separate oncosphere.Results Totally 1,000 residents were checked in five surveyed sites.Four kinds of geohelminthes were found.The total infection rate was 10.2%,of which 5.6% in roundworm,3.5% in hookworm,0.7% in trichuris,and 0.4% in enterobius.No statistically significant difference was found in the infection rates of roundworm and hookworm among the 5 towns（χ2=4.29,P0.05;and χ2=4.74,P0.05）.The infection rates of male and female showed no statistically significant difference（χ2=2.97,P0.05）.There were statistically significant differences in the infection rate of hookworm between male and female（χ2=10.19,P0.01）.There were statistically significant differences in the infection rate of hookworm among all age groups（χ2=49.5,P0.01）.Ancylostoma duodenale accounted for 29%.Necator americanus accounted for 71%.Conclusions Compared with the first survey results 20 years ago,the infection rate declines significantly.Universal prevention and treatment knowledge of parasitic diseases,feces harmless treatment and deworming drugs for the focus groups still need to continuously strengthen in the rural areas in order to consolidate the results of prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases.