长沙市2006-2010年中小学生健康状况监测分析

Analysis on Health Status of Middle and Primary Schools Students in Changsha from 2006 to 2010

目的掌握长沙市中小学学生健康状况及其存在的主要问题,为政府制定学校卫生工作规划,促进学生健康成长提供科学依据。方法连续收集2006-2010年长沙市中小学生（7-18岁）健康状况监测资料,对视力低下、龋齿、营养不良等常见病,身高、体重身体发育指标进行统计分析。结果近5年影响学生健康的主要疾病依次排序为：视力不良（年均检出率35.5%）、龋齿（年均检出率12.05%）、肥胖（年均检出率9.06%）、营养不良（年均检出率7.34%）、沙眼（年均检出率2.07%）,中小学学生身高发育状况良好和正常（中上等占91.61%）,体重上等者达19.5%。近5年长沙市中小学生营养不良、龋齿、肥胖、视力不良、沙眼检出率总体呈逐年下降趋势,这得益于人们生活水平提高、医疗条件改善和学生健康知识增加;监测数据还表明营养不良、视力低下、沙眼检出率中学生显著高于小学生（P≤0.01）,身高及体重上等检出率小学高于中学,并且城市高于农村;营养不良、肥胖、视力不良、恒牙龋齿的检出率均城市高于农村（P≤0.01）,沙眼检出率农村高于城市。结论长沙市中小学生健康水平进一步提高,应重视学生的健康教育、均衡营养和培养良好的生活方式,加强对学生常见疾病的预防,缩小城乡差别。

Objective To know well about the health status and the main problems of middle and primary schools students in Changsha,and to provide a scientific basis for government making the school health work plan.Methods Health examination data of middle and primary schools students aged between 7 and 18 years in Changsha from 2006 to 2010 were continuously collected.Poor vision,dental caries,malnutrition,height,weight and other growth indexes were statistically analyzed.Results In the recent 5 years,the main diseases which affected the students＇ health were as follows： poor vision（with the average annual detection rate of 35.5%）,dental caries（with the average annual detection rate of12.05%）,obesity（with the average annual detection rate of 9.06%）,malnutrition（with the average annual detection rate of 7.34%）,and trachoma（with the average annual detection rate of 2.07%）.Primary and middle schools students with good and normal height development accounted for 91.61%,and children with classy weight accounted for 19.5%.In the recent 5 years,the detection rates of malnutrition,dental caries,obesity,poor vision,and trachoma in primary and middle schools students in Changsha showed downtrend year by year,which benefited from the improvement of people＇s living standard,the improvement of medical conditions and the enhancement of students＇ health knowledge.Monitoring data also showed that the detection rates of malnutrition,low vision and trachoma in middle schools students were significantly higher than those in pupils（P≤0.01）.Superior height and weight in elementary schools students were better than those in middle schools students,and moreover,urban students were superior to rural students.The detection rates of malnutrition,obesity,poor vision,and dental caries in urban students were higher than those in rural students（P≤0.01）.The detection rate of trachoma in rural students was higher than that of rural students.Conclusions The results suggest that the health of primary and middle schools students in Changsha has further improved.The schools should pay more attention to developing health education and balanced nutrition,to cultivating a good way of life for the students,and to strengthening prevention measures of common diseases so as to lessen the difference between urban and rural areas.