长沙县2007-2010年麻疹疫情流行病学分析及强化免疫效果评价

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics of Measles Epidemic and Assessment of Supplementary Immunization in Changsha County from 2007 to 2010

目的分析长沙县2007-2010年麻疹疫情流行病学特征和麻疹疫苗强化免疫前后发病情况,探讨加速控制麻疹策略,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法描述性流行病学方法。结果 2007-2010年报告麻疹234例,发病人群以8月龄以下婴儿和7岁以上人群、流动人口为主。城区发病显著高于农村(χ2=129.93,P<0.05),81.2%的病例无免疫史或免疫史不详,麻疹疫苗强化免疫后发病率呈明显下降(χ2=132.62,P<0.05)。结论麻疹疫苗常规接种不落实是麻疹发病的主要原因,强化免疫活动效果明显。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles epidemic and the incidence of measles before and after supplementary immunization in Changsha County during the period of 2007~2010,to explore the effective measles control policies,and to provide the scientific evidence for prevention and control policy-making.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used in this study.Results There were 234 measles cases reported during the period of 2007~2010,which focused on infants under 8 months,children over 7 years old,and floating population.The incidence of urban areas was significantly higher than that of rural areas（χ2=129.93,P0.05）.81.2% of the cases had unclear or no history of immunization.After the supplementary immunization of measles vaccine,the incidence rate of measles was significantly declined（χ2=132.62,P0.05）.Conclusions Undoing measles immunization is the main cause of the measles incidence,and the effectiveness of supplementary immunization activities is obvious.