权利保障视野下的秘密侦查竞技化析评

A Study on the Predicament of Secret Investigation from the Perspective of Rights Protection

秘密侦查指的是侦查机关采取隐瞒身份、目的、手段的方法,在犯罪嫌疑人不知晓的情况下,发现犯罪线索,收集犯罪证据,乃至抓捕犯罪嫌疑人的活动。秘密侦查的困境在于启动陷于随意、武装不能平等、裁判难以中立、程序无法公开、侦查行为的违法性和求真的悖论。现代司法的核心在于竞技,司法决斗便是此核心的集中体现。而秘密侦查具有司法决斗中竞技的理性品质,合乎竞技的经验理性。秘密侦查的竞技化有利于其正当性和合理性的充分体现。秘密侦查竞技化的理性构想包括:厘清秘密侦查的两大类别——任意秘密侦查与强制秘密侦查;规范秘密侦查适用条件与原则;设计秘密侦查的概括程序和细节规制;评断秘密侦查行为过程及其结果。

Secret investigation refers to the investigation activities in which the investigators conceal their identities, purposes and methods to find out criminal clues, collect criminal evidence and even arrest the suspects. Secret investigation has practical contradictions： random start, unequal weapon, unjust judge, undercover procedure, unclear conducts of policeman and the difficulties of finding truth. The way to improve secret investigation is： clarifying the two kinds of secret investigation free secret investigation and coercive secret investigation, setting up the conditions of starting, designing the procedure and rules and judging the conduct and results of secret investigation.