茂名市农村居民艾滋病性病健康教育及干预措施的调查

Survey on Health Education and Intervention for AIDS and Venereal Disease among Rural Population in Maoming City

目的了解茂名市农村人群的艾滋病知识水平和对艾滋病感染者及病人的态度,探索在农村实施艾滋病健康教育干预措施的有效途径。方法选取茂名市所辖的高州市其中的2个镇的3个行政村的人群,采用整群抽样的方法分别开展集中观看VCD加现场交流方式、张贴健康海报和发放健康教育资料自学的健康干预等方式,采取自制的调查问卷对调查对象在健康教育前后进行匿名调查,比较健康教育前后调查对象艾滋病知识的知晓率以及三种不同的健康教育方式之间的效果,对性别、年龄、文化程度等因素进行单因素和回归分析,探索农村人群艾滋病相关知识的影响因素。结果健康教育后,调查对象的艾滋病相关知识的知晓率有较大提高(P<0.05);性别分布上,男性知晓率高于女性知晓率(P<0.05)。年龄分布上,55岁以上人口知晓率明显低于其他年龄组(P<0.05);文化程度较高的人群知晓率也较高。健康教育干预前后,调查对象对艾滋病人和感染者态度变化不明显。在三种健康教育模式中,以张贴海报的形式获得的成本-效益最高。结论健康教育干预活动对提高农村人群的艾滋病相关知识水平有良好效果,性别、年龄、文化程度影响居民艾滋病知识水平,健康教育前后居民对艾滋病人的态度改变不大。

Objective To investigate the awareness of the AIDS in rural people and the attitude to the people with HIV/AIDS and to explore the effective measures of health education interventions in rural areas.Methods A cluster sampling study was carried out in 3 administrative villages of Gaozhou country,Maoming.The results was compared before and after three types of health education intervention,such as watching VCD,putting up posters and reading health information.The relationship between the awareness on AIDS and sex,age,education degree was analyzed comparatively using the univariate and multivariate analyses.Results Through the health education,the knowledge rate related to AIDS was raised highly（P0.05）;the awareness rate of the AIDS was higher in males than in the females（P0.05）.The group of more than 55 years old group was lower than that of group of less than 55 years old（P0.05）and the people with a higher educational level was higher.The attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients was no obvious change.And in three types of health education,putting up posters is the most cost-effective type.Conclusion Health educating interventions can improve the knowledge of AIDS related among the rural people had good effect,and the influencing factors of sex,age and education degree effected the awareness of the AIDS in rural area.But before and after health education,the attitude towards AIDS patients was no significant change.