长沙市学龄儿童生长发育的纵向追踪研究及体格偏离趋势分析

Longitudinal study of growth and development and physical deviation tendency about schoolchildren in Changsha city

【目的】探讨长沙市学龄儿童纵向生长规律和体格偏离趋势,为儿童生长发育研究提供纵向基础资料。【方法】采用纵向追踪方法对889名学龄儿童每年一次进行身高、体重测量,自一年级追踪至六年级。采用2005年中国儿童生长参照标准进行营养状况及身高水平评价,计算其年增长速度及体格偏离检出率的变化情况,比较学龄儿童与全国标准的差距。【结果】1)男生身高增长速度平均为5.3～6.2cm/年,11岁开始加速;女生平均为5.5～7.0cm/年,9岁开始加速;体重增长速度逐年加大,10岁起增长明显。2)各年龄组男、女生平均身高均低于全国标准,但随年龄增长差距缩小;8岁前男、女生平均体重低于全国标准,但8岁后赶超。3)随年龄的增长,身材矮小检出率逐年下降,肥胖、超重检出率呈上升趋势,消瘦检出率呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义。【结论】长沙市学龄儿童的体格发育遵循基本规律,但体重增长幅度大于身高增长幅度。长沙市学龄儿童平均身高低于全国水平,而超重、肥胖儿童快速增加的现象应引起重视。

【Objective】 To study the longitudinal growth law and physical deviation tendency about schoolchildren in Changsha city and to provide longitudinal fundamental data for children＇s growth and development research.【Methods】 889 schoolchildren were followed longitudinally from grade 1 to grade 6.Anthropometric measurements of height,weight were obtained for each child once one year.Their nutritional status and height grade were evaluated by 2005 children children and adolescents growth standard.The physical growth velocities and change of physical deviation ratio were calculated.At the same time,the physical growth level was comparison with China national standard.【Results】 1）The height average velocities were 5.3~6.2 cm/year in boys and 5.5~7.0 cm/year in girls and the accelerated growth were seen at 11 years in boys and 9 years in girls.The weight velocities were more as the age rised and obviously more after 10 years for boys and girls.2）For boys and girls,the average height in the different age groups were lower than China national standard and the gap gradually reduced as the age rised.The average weight of boys and girls under 8 years were also lower than China national standard,but catch up and more than China national standard after 8 years.3）As the age rised,their rates of short stature and wasting decreased,in contrast,their rates of obesty and over-weight increased,There were significant difference among age groups.【Conclusions】 The physical growth is followed basic law for schoolchildren in Changsha city,but weight velocities are more than height velocities.The average height in the different age schoolchildren in Changsha city are slower than China national standard.It should be pay attention to rapid increase of obesity and over-weight children.