母婴同室新生儿皮肤感染调查分析

Skin infection of newborn infants in maternal-neonatal unit

目的探讨新生儿皮肤感染的原因、特点和控制措施。方法对2009年1月～2010年12月在首都医科大学燕京医学院附属大兴医院产科分娩的母婴同室新生儿9 131例进行研究。结果新生儿皮肤感染206例,感染率为2.26%;感染主要以新生儿脓疱疮(192例)为主;感染在新生儿出生后的1～3 d内发生的占89.81%;是否有创分娩、产程是否延长、是否为有围产期合并症的新生儿,感染发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其病原菌前5位依次为金黄色葡萄球菌(简称金葡菌)、阴沟肠杆菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和表皮葡萄球菌。万古霉素、复方新诺明、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和利奈唑烷对金葡菌具有良好的抗菌活性,而青霉素、氨苄西林和红霉素等药物的耐药率相当高。结论新生儿皮肤的特点是新生儿皮肤感染的内因,环境因素是外因。其感染的发生与分娩方式、产程长短、围产期合并症等因素有关。重视孕期保健和母婴同室新生儿皮肤感染的管理,可有效地控制感染的发生。

Objective To investigate the causes and the characteristics of skin infection of newborn infants in maternal-neonatal unit and its control measures.Methods Totally 9 131 newborns in the nursery of the department of obstetrics from January 2009～December 2010 were investigated.Results A total of 206 newborn infants klebsiella pneumoniae and staphylococcus epidermidis.staphylococcus aureus isolates were sensitive to vancomycin,paediatric compound sulfamethoxazole,piperacillin-tazobactam and linezolid,while were resistant to penicillin,ampicillin and erythromycin.Conclusion The characteristics of the newborn skin infection were associated with the internal causes of neonates and environmental factors.The occurance of infection is related to the mode of delivery,labor process and complications in the prenatal period.Attention should be paid to pregnancy health care,reduction of the risk factors for skin infection in newborn infants in maternal-neonatal unit to effectively control neonatal skin infections.