尼采对希腊悲剧时代哲学的解读

Nietzsche's Philosophy of the Greek Tragedy Era

尼采对希腊悲剧与神话的理解,直接与他的对希腊哲学家的理解一致,这中间都遵循了日神与酒神的对立与统一原则。尼采将苏格拉底作为一个分水岭,前苏格拉底哲学是对立于苏格拉底幸福论的,艺术精神对立于苏格拉底的工具理性。尼采称古希腊从泰勒斯到苏格拉底时期的希腊为哲学的天才共和国,柏拉图以后的希腊哲学都是一种混合的产物,失去了柏拉图之前哲学的单纯性。

Nietzsche＇s understanding of Greek tragedies and mythology coincides with his understanding of the Greek philosophers, which follows the principle of the unity of opposites of Apollo and Dionysus. Nietzsche took Socrates as a watershed. The preSocratic philosophy was in opposition to Socrates~ well- being theory and the art spirit was in opposition to Socrates＇ instrumental rationality. Nietzsche said the Greece of the period from Thales to Socrates was the republic of philosophical talents and the philosophy after Plato was a hybrid product and had lost the simplicity of the philosophy before Plato.