汪直:一个不容于时代的海商领袖

Wang Zhi:a sea trade leader not in time

作为明代民间从事航海贸易的典型代表,汪直的海商身份不容置疑,其卓越的商业才能和非凡的影响力使其成为这一群体的领袖人物。他讲求商业诚信,维护正常的贸易秩序,并且明确提出了自己的商业理想———互市。而对于"海盗"和"倭寇"的指摘,并没有准确而可信的证据。汪直的败亡,归根结底是其代表的商业生产方式不容于当时以自然经济为根基的封建社会,最终被统治集团作为政治靶标予以剿除。

As a typical non-governmental sea trade representative in Ming dynasty,Wang Zhi＇s sea trader identity is undoubted.His great business abilities and tremendous influence made him leading person among the field.He pursued commercial honesty and preserved normal commercial order,and he raised his own business ideal-mutual trade.The statements that he was a pirate and was related to Japanese pirates were groundless.His failure is essentially because the mode of commercial production which he represented does not suit the feudal society which is based on natural economy.That is the reason why he became victims of politics wiped off by the hierarchy.