法院委任之鉴定人错误鉴定的民事责任

On The Civil Liability of Court-appointed Forensic Expert Who Submits a False Expert Opinion

法院委任的鉴定人因出具错误鉴定意见而致法院错判时,侵害了当事人的胜诉利益,其责任性质为侵权责任。胜诉利益在侵权责任法上的保护程度弱于民法上的绝对权,法院委任的鉴定人实施的鉴定是一项准司法行为,现阶段我国鉴定人的执业风险分散机制尚不完善,这三方面决定了对鉴定人的错鉴侵权责任应采取一种相对限制的态度,其构成要件为:鉴定人出具了错误的鉴定意见;鉴定人有故意或重大过失;错误的鉴定意见给享有胜诉利益的主体造成了实际损害;受害人对于错判已经无法通过司法救济的途径予以挽救,并且受害人对此并无过错。

If an expert appointed by the court submits a false expert opinion, then he is liable to make compensation for the damage incurred by a party to the proceedings as a result of a court decision based on this expert opinion.The nature of the liability is tort.The protection of the interests of winning the suit is weaker than of the absolute civil rights,the court-appointed forensic expert＇s appraisement is a kind of quasi-judicial action, the distributing system of the forensic expert＇s practice risk is not advanced enough at present, this three aspects decide the restricted attitude to the forensic expert liability.The court-appointed forensic expert is liable to make compensation if：he submits a false expert opinion;he intentionally or by gross negligence does it; （3）the party to the proceedings who should win the suit suffers damage by the false expert opinion;liability for damage does not arise if the injured person has intentionally or negligently failed to avert the damage by having recourse to appeal.