切花夏菊促成栽培技术研究

Studies on the Forcing Culture of Cut Summer Flowering Chrysanthemum in Solar Greenhouse

以夏菊品种夏黄为材料在日光温室内对切花夏菊的促成栽培技术进行了研究,经过适当的种苗准备、采穗时间、插穗冷藏等处理以后, 夏黄的始花期可提前到1 月上旬。叶面喷施乙烯利1 000 mg/L以后母株形成脚芽的数量多于传统的施肥埋土处理。乙烯利处理后侧芽表现为莲座状生长, 而脚芽生长正常, 但是以脚芽和侧芽为插穗进行促成栽培时, 脚芽开花较晚, 表现出更旺盛的营养生长特性。扦插、定植日期较早时开花较早。插穗冷藏后,从定植到开花的天数缩短, 花枝长度、鲜重、新生脚芽数量与高度均降低, 切花的外观品质提高, 花期整齐, 并可避免出现高位莲座状生长。GA3 处理对打破夏菊的高位莲座状生长有一定作用。

Forcing culture technique of cut summer flowering chrysanthemum cultivar Xiahuang was studied in a Chinese type solar greenhouse.With proper treatments,such as cutting preparation,cutting date and vernalization,etc.,‘Xiahuang’started flowering in early January.After foliage spray with ethephon at 1000mg/L,the stock plants produced more suckers than those treated with the traditional method in which the stock plants were pinched,fertilized and covered with soil.The lateral shoots showed rosette like growth,but the suckers grew normally.Performance of rooted cu ttings of lateral shoot and sucker were compared,and suckers showed more vigorous vegetative growth and flowered later.When cutted and planted earlier,the plants flowered earlier.In solar greenhouse,summer flowering chrysanthemum grew too vigorously with a long and thick stem.Cold sto rage of cuttings could reduce stem length and fresh weight of cut flowers,number and height of newly formed suckers,days from planting to flowering,and uniform the flowering date,improve the visual quality of cut flowers.Cold storage of cuttings and GA 3 treatment could avoid or break rosette like growth of summer flowering chrysanthemum in the upper part of plant.