重大装备研发成果转化为生产力的理论与实践

Theory and practice of turning R&D results into productive force in major equipment

从发电企业的科技研发与工程应用特点着手,阐述了重大装备研发成果转化为生产力的理论分析和组织方法。作者面对广泛存在的科技研发到成果应用旷日持久、难以推进的普遍问题,推行"用户主导,产学研联合","以示范工程的商业化实施为导向、以工程项目管理的责任体系为前提、集中全国的优势力量联合攻关,形成企业负责,研究机构支撑"的重大装备研发管理思路,探索了"研发与推广同步"的成果推广模式。用2个案例阐述了这种科研管理方法取得的成效,其中"超超临界燃煤发电技术"在电力发展中得到广泛应用,成为我国新建大型燃煤电厂的首选技术;"火电机组空冷系统研发与工程示范"项目解决了我国北方地区发电厂的节水问题。笔者还剖析了在科研成果所属权和成果认定过程中存在的问题,并提出了相应建议。

Starting with the characteristics of technological R & D and project application in power generating companies,this paper expounds on the theoretical analysis and organizational methods of turning R & D results into productive force in major equipment.Faced with the widespread problem that putting R & D results into application is both lengthy and difficult,the author proposes the mechanism of 'joint work among industry,college,research institute and user under the user s ' leadership';puts forth the thought for major equipment R & D management that features 'oriented by commercialization of demonstration project,premised on the responsibility system for project management,unite advantageous parties nationwide to make joint efforts with enterprises taking the overall responsibility and research institutes providing support,'and explores the mode to promote R & D results with 'R & D and promotion in parallel'.In this paper,two case studies are used to illustrate the effects of such a management mode of scientific researches.'Ultra super-critical coal-fired power generation technology' is widely applied to power development,and has become the priority choice in newly built large coal-fired power plants in China.The project named 'R & D and project demonstration of air-cooling system in thermal units' solves the water-saving issue of power plants in northern China.The problems in the ownership of research results,reward application and result ratification were analyzed,and some corresponding suggestions were put forward.