科研设计应遵守对照原则(英文)

The control principle in scientific research

对照原则是试验设计中必须严格遵守的四个原则之一。在试验研究中,如果没有对照组,则结论没有说服力;如果虽有对照组,但对照组设置得不合理,结论也没有说服力。在多因素试验研究中,往往有多个对照组;而盲目设置对照组,导致对照不全或对照过多或对照不当,也都是研究设计中应当尽量避免的。本文介绍了研究设计中设置对照的意义与作用、各种常见的对照形式和研究者在设置对照方面常犯的错误及对各种错误的的辨析与释疑。

The control principle is one of the four basic principles of research design.Without a control group,the conclusion of research will be unconvincing;furthermore,if the control group is not set properly,the conclusion will be unreliable.Generally,there is more than one control group in a multi-factor design.Problems like incomplete control and excessive control should be avoided.This article introduces the meaning and function of the control principle,common forms of control,common errors that researchers tend to make as well as analysis and differentiation of these errors.