周边典型国家和地区成品油市场化改革及其启示

Market-oriented reform of the oil industry in China neighboring economies

从上世纪80年代起,中国周边典型国家和地区逐步实施成品油市场化改革。除印度外,台湾地区、日本和韩国的改革总体上比较成功,未对经济体内经济产生剧烈影响,基本实现了成品油的内外市场接轨。周边经济体的实践表明,成品油市场化改革必须具备一定的前提条件——区域内炼油能力大于需求、市场避险体系趋于完善、油品税收体系逐渐成熟、市场定价体系基本完整。目前,中国成品油市场供需基本平衡,并将转向供过于求;成品油税收体系逐步完善。未来中国成品油市场化改革需要在以下几个方面推动:1)择机快速启动价格机制市场化改革;2)积极打造成品油现货交易中心;3)着力推动自建或共建成品油期货市场;4)稳步推进成品油进出口市场放开;5)推动建立与对外依存度相匹配的、具有一定规模和法制完备的石油金融体系。

Since the 1980s market-oriented reform of the oil industry in economies neighboring China has been gradual.Unlike in India,reform in Taiwan,Japan and South Korea has been successful on the whole,basically achieving integration of the domestic and foreign oil product markets without any severe impact on theeconomy.The experience in the economies on China's peripheral shows that market-oriented reform of the oil industry has certain prerequisites for success,namely refining capacity in excess of demand,a market for hedging instruments,a maturing oil taxation regime,and practically complete market-pricing.Supply and demand in China's oil product market are basically balanced, supply will begin to exceed demand,and the oil product taxation regime has gradually improved.Market- oriented reform of China's oil industry should aim for the following objectives:1)a date certain to begin rapid market-oriented reform of the pricing mechanism;2) an oil spot market;3)a jointly-established national petroleum futures market;4)steady liberalization of the market for imports and for exports;and 5)development of a sufficiently large financial and legal system to suit the scale of China's net-import dependence.